What is meant by sexual propagation in plants?

Sexual propagation refers to the process of plant reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of seeds or spores. In this method, genetic material from two parent plants is combined, leading to offspring that are genetically distinct from either parent. This process allows for greater genetic diversity within the plant population, which can enhance adaptability and resilience against diseases, pests, and changing environmental conditions.

The use of seeds is a common example of sexual propagation, as they contain the embryo and the necessary nutrients for the initial stages of plant growth. Spores, typically associated with non-flowering plants like ferns and fungi, also serve a similar purpose in terms of reproduction and dispersal. Understanding sexual propagation is fundamental for horticulturists, as it can influence plant breeding, conservation efforts, and the development of new plant varieties.