What type of soil is characterized by high clay content and poor drainage?

Heavy clay soil is characterized by its high clay content, which significantly impacts its drainage properties. Clay particles are very small and tightly packed, creating a dense soil structure that holds water rather than allowing it to drain through. This can lead to poor drainage, as the water tends to pool in heavy clay soil instead of moving through it.

In contrast, sandy soil consists of larger particles that promote good drainage and air circulation. Silty soil, while it retains some moisture, is still more conducive to drainage than clay. Loamy soil, which is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, typically has good drainage and is ideal for planting because it combines the benefits of all three types. Thus, heavy clay soil stands out for its problematic drainage characteristics caused by its high clay content.